The MP Model In Agriculture

The acronym 'BIMARU' has been used to refer to Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh, implying that they have lagged behind in economic growth, healthcare, and education. BIMARU translates to "sickly" in Hindi. The word was coined to emphasise backwardness, particularly in terms of poor performance in demographic indices and contribute to population growth.

According to the IMF, it took India about 59 years from independence to achieve a $0.95 trillion economy in 2006. By 2016, it has grown to a$ 3 trillion economy, adding $1.35 trillion in ten years. In 2022, it will have grown to a$ 5 trillion economy, having added $1.2 trillion in just six years.

If India continues on its current path, it might have a $25 to$ 30 trillion GDP by 2047. Inclusion in Action: Examining the track record of the lagging states, particularly the BIMARU states (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh). Performance of the agricultural industry, which employs the greatest proportion of the workers — 5% in 2020-21.

With growth, the workforce shifts from agricultural to higher-wage employment in urban areas, particularly in the creation of new cities and the infrastructure needed to support these urban centres. GDP performance at the state level (particularly in their agriculture sectors — from 2005-06 to 2021-22)
Throughout this time, the country's GDP grew at a rate of 6.7 percent per year, while its agricultural GDP grew at a rate of 3.8 percent per year. Total GDP growth: Gujarat led the way with 9.9%, followed by Uttarakhand (8.7%), Telangana (8.6%), and Haryana (8.6%). (8 percent). Jammu & Kashmir (5.2%), Assam (5.4%), West Bengal (5.5%), Uttar Pradesh (5.6%), and Jharkhand were at the bottom of the list (5.7 percent).
Agri-GDP growth in BIMARU states (in the instance of Madhya Pradesh) has been recorded at 3 percent. Its overall GDP growth rate is a solid 7.5 percent. The state's agri-GDP growth rate is significantly higher than India's overall agri-GDP growth rate. MP has established itself as a major participant in the cultivation of tomato, garlic, mandarin oranges, pulses (particularly gramme), and soybeans.
Pulses and oilseeds fix nitrogen while using relatively little water, reducing fertiliser and electricity subsidies while also maintaining environmental sustainability. MP is also the second-largest producer of wheat (after Uttar Pradesh) and the third-largest producer of milk (after Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan). It has followed a well-diversified agricultural portfolio while increasing irrigation coverage from 24 to 45.3% of its gross cultivated area over the previous two decades.
MP is the only state whose agricultural contribution to overall GDP has risen to 40%, up from 8% at the national level. Additional BIMARU states include: Rajasthan has also performed well in agriculture, with an annual average growth rate of 7 percent, followed by UP and Bihar, which have 4.5 percent and 4.4 percent, respectively.
Jharkhand has fared particularly well in agriculture, with an annual growth rate of 6.4 percent, owing partly to diversification into horticulture and cattle. Punjab's agri-GDP growth rate was a paltry 2% each year during this time.
In the next 25 years, the country's priority should be on infrastructure building, notably in rural regions, and on training a big portion of the labour force for higher-wage occupations. MP is an example of tripling horticulture's contribution to the value of agriculture and adjacent sectors.
Punjab had expanded into high-value horticulture and even some pulses and oilseeds, but it did not achieve better agricultural development while saving valuable groundwater and electricity subsidies. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from paddy agriculture may have been significantly lower as well. Policymakers in Punjab must consider this.