What are the key features of rock-cut temples, and how can they be seen as a mirror of India's cultural unity and diversity? (250 words, 15 marks)

I. Key Features:
 

• Temples carved from a single rock – a pinnacle of architectural technique.

• Religious diversity – constructions related to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

• Extensive sculptures – depiction of deities, Jataka tales, and symbolic motifs.

• Design of mandapas, garbhagrihas, and pillars – the entire structure of a temple is carved out.

II. Notable Examples and Regional Diversity:
 

• Ajanta (Maharashtra) – Buddhist paintings and sculptures.

• Ellora (Maharashtra) – Harmony of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain temples.

• Badami (Karnataka) – Unique example of Chalukyan architecture.

• Mahabalipuram (Tamil Nadu) – Rath temples built by the Pallava rulers.
   

III. Reflection of Cultural Unity and Diversity:
 

• Temples of different religions at a single site – evidence of India's religious tolerance.

• Integration of regional styles and local art forms.

• Demonstrates the tradition of cultural preservation by rulers.
   

IV. Conclusion:

Rock-cut temple architecture is a symbol of India’s cultural diversity, religious harmony, and technical expertise, embodying the spirit of "unity in diversity."

Read: The Artistic Legacy of India's Rock-Cut Temples