What were the main features of temple architecture during the Chola period? Analyze. (250 words)

I. Key Features:
 

Peak of Dravidian Style:

• Presence of tall Vimanas (temple towers).

• Main components of temples included the Garbhagriha (sanctum), Antarala (vestibule), Mandapa (hall), and Gopuram (gateway tower).

Expression of Royal Power:

• Temples were not merely religious centers but also functioned as administrative and cultural hubs.

• Construction of temples by kings was a display of Rajadharma (royal duty) and imperial grandeur.

Massive Stone Sculptures:

• Bronze sculptures of Nataraja (form of Shiva) highlight the Cholas’ excellence in sculptural art.
   

II. Major Examples:
 

Brihadeshwara Temple, Thanjavur:

• Built by Raja Raja Chola in the 11th century.

• Vimana stands 216 feet tall.

• Contains a massive Shiva Lingam and Nandi sculpture made of granite.

Gangaikondacholapuram Temple:

• Constructed by Rajendra Chola I.

• Reflects architectural maturity and depth.

Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram:

• A UNESCO World Heritage Site.

• Features intricate and exquisite carvings.

III. Sculpture and Painting:
 

• Bronze Sculptures: The "Tribhanga posture" represents a blend of beauty and devotion.

• Frescoes: Wall paintings depicted religious epics and narratives.

IV. Conclusion:
 

Chola architecture became the cultural backbone of South India and influenced temple architecture for centuries to come.