Analyze the impact of territorial delimitation and proportionality on Indian federalism. Is freezing of Lok Sabha seats the only way to maintain national integration? Discuss.

Introduction:
 

In a federal structure like India, population-based representation can significantly influence the federal balance. Repeated delimitation exercises may result in certain states gaining disproportionate power.
 

Impact on Federal Balance:
 

1. Risk of Unequal Representation:

States with higher populations could end up with more seats, politically marginalizing southern and northeastern states.

2. Fear of Political Imbalance:

States that have successfully implemented family planning measures are being "politically penalized" for controlling population growth.
 

Constitutional and Policy Support:
 

1. 84th Amendment (2002):

The Union Government clarified that states succeeding in population control should be rewarded, not punished.

2. Increase in Size of Council of Ministers:

As per Article 75(1A), the number of ministers is capped at 15% of the total Lok Sabha strength. An increase in the number of seats would raise administrative expenses.
 

Suggestions and Solutions:
 

1. Efficiency-Based Model Instead of Pure Numbers:

Representation can be determined using indicators such as:

• Human Development Index (HDI)

• Population Growth Rate

• Health and Education parameters

2. Consensus-Based Democracy:

For national unity, all states must be provided equal political space and voice.
 

Conclusion:
 

A delimitation exercise solely based on proportional representation may pose a challenge to Indian federalism. Therefore, freezing Lok Sabha seats can be seen as a strategic and equitable decision to prevent federal imbalance and to uphold national integration.